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What is now Tanzania was a colony and part of Germany from the 1880s to
1919. Under the League of Nations, the area became a British Mandate
from 1919 to 1961. It served as a military outpost during World War II
and provided financial help as well as munitions. Julius Nyerere became
Minister of British-administered Tanganyika in 1960 and continued as
Prime Minister when Tanganyika became independent in 1961. Tanganyika
and neighbouring Zanzibar, which had become independent in 1963, merged
to form the nation of Tanzania on April 26, 1964. One-party rule came
to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the
country since the 1970s. Having been essentially a socialist state soon
after independence, Tanzanian economic aid went hand in hand with
structural adjustment conditionalities that deteriorated the nation's
economy. This deterioration was due to a sudden shift to capitalism
when the societal and economic framework of the nation was a socialist
one.
During the 80s Tanzanian GDP growth increased (due to SAPs) yet Human
Development Indexes lowered. Tanzania still struggles with economic
development yet its outlook is positive due to increasing natural
resource exports.
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